pep小升初英语考试重点全在这儿了
小升初英语该怎么复习?相比这个难题难倒了不少家长,今天先生我整理一份小升初英语复习重点,来帮助大家复习英语!小编在这里整理了相关知识,快来看看吧!
pep小升初英语考试重点全在这儿了
小升初英语复习重点
第一部分:48个国际音标教学(学会根据音标读单词)
1、语音:元音的发音
五个元音字母:AEIOU
12个单元音:长元音:/ɑ:/,/ɔ:/,/ə:/, /i:/,/u:/
短元音:/æ/ /e/ /i/ / ɔ / /∧/ /u/ /ə/
2、词汇:词汇量,近反义词 3、句子:大小写,标点符号
第二部分:语法知识
一、名词:名词单复数,名词的格
(一)名词单复数
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books,bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x.sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数:
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice
child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
不可数名词的复数就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
(二)名词的格
(1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:
a)单数后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b)以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c)不以s 结尾的复数后加’s children’s shoes
l 并列名词中,如果把 ’s加在最后一个名词后,表示共有,如:
Tom and Mike’s car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车
l 要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车
(2)表示无生命东西的名词通常用“ of +名词”来表示所有关系:
如:a picture of the classroom a map of China
二.冠词:不定冠词,定冠词种类:
(1)不定冠词:a /an a unit / an uncle
元音开头的可数名词前用an:
an egg / an apple/ an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor /an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / anhouran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / anart lesson /
(2)定冠词:the the egg the plane
2. 用法:
定冠词的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk.
(2)复述上文提到的人或物:Hehas a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物:Theboys aren’t at school.
(4)在序数词前:John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠词的情况:
(1)专有名词前:Chinais a big country.
(2)名词前有定语:this, that , my , your , some, any , no 等:
This is my baseball.
(3)复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeyscan’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It’sSunday.
(5)一日三餐前:Wehave breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球类棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chessat home.
* 但乐器前要用定冠词:Iplay the guitar very well.
(7)学科名称前:Myfavorite subject is music.
(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前:Thisis Mr Li.
(9)固定词组中:atnoon at night by bus
三、代词:人称代词,物主代词
主格 | 宾格 | |||
第一 | 单数 | I(我) | me | my(我的) |
复数 | we(我们) | us | our(我们的) | |
第二 | 单数 | you(你) | you | your(你的) |
人称 | 复数 | you(你们) | you | your(你们的) |
第三 | 单数 | he(他) | him | his(他的) |
she(她) | her | her(她的) | ||
it(它) | it | its(它的) | ||
复数 | they(他们/她们/它们) | them | their(他们的/她们的/它们的) |
四、形容词,副词:比较级,最高级
(一)、形容词的比较级
1、形容词比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more,a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。
2.形容词加er的规则:
⑴一般在词尾加er ;
⑵以字母e 结尾,加r ;
⑶以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;
⑷以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。
3.不规则形容词比较级:
good-better, beautiful-more beautiful
(二)副词的比较级
1.形容词与副词的区别 (有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)
⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后
⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后
2.副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同 (不规则变化:well-better,far-farther)
五、数词:基数词,序数词
(一)基数词
(1)1-20
one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty
(2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。
23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one
(3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;
586→fivehundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three
(4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion
1,001→one thousandand one
18,423→eighteenthousand,fourhundred and twenty-three
6,260,309→sixmillion two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine
750,000,000,000→sevenhundred and fifty billion
(二)序数词
(1)一般在基数词后加th
eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth
(2)不规则变化
one →first,two →second,three →third,five →fifth,eight →eighth,nine →ninth,twelve—twelfth
(3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th
twenty →twentieth, forty →fortieth, ninety→ ninetieth
(4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。
twenty-first,twohundred and forty-fifth
基数词转为序数词的口诀:
基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.
一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d.
八去t,九去e, ve要用f替。
ty将y变成i,th前面有个e.
若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。
六、介词:常用介词:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。
??at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午) ??
2.on
1)表示具体日期。
注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:
??at(on)the weekend?在周末---特指
??at(on)weekends?在周末---泛指
??over the weekend?在整个周末
??during the weekend?在周末期间
? (2)在圣诞节,应说at Christmas而不说on Christmas
2)在(刚……)的时候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。
3.in
1)表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和during互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December,the 20thcentury)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)
七、动词:动词的四种时态:
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am,is, are)+其它。如: I am aboy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he,she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Marylikes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
2.以s. x.sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry –worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have –had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read –read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say –said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came, lose – lost , find – found , drink –drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构: ①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
Iam going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will goswimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
②以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having ,writing
③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting
第三部分:句法
1.陈述句
(1)肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.
There are fourfans in our classroom. He will eatlunch at 12:00. I watched TVyesterday evening.
(2)、否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.
He does not (doesn’t) work ina hospital. There are not(aren’t) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won’t)eat lunch at 12:00. I did not(didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.
2. 疑问句
一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes”,或“no”来回答。
特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what ,where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes 、no”来回答。
3.There be句型
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has)的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:
What’s + 介词短语?
第三部分:情景交际
1、同学之间互相打招呼时可以说:( ) A.Hello! B. Goodbye!
2、向别人作自我介绍时说:( ) A. I’mSarah. B. Hello!
3、家里来了客人,要礼貌地说:( ) A. What’syour name? B. Welcome!
4、老师问你的名字,你回答:( ) A.What’s your name? B. My name isChen Jie.
5、早上见到老师可以说:( ) A.Good morning! B. Good afternoon!
6、当你的同学把他的兄弟John介绍给你认识时,你对John说:( )
A. This isJohn. B. Nice to meet you.
7、你想把你的好朋友Mike介绍给你妈妈时可以说:( ) A. This isMike. B. Hi! Mike
8、你想邀请你的同学和你一起去上学,你说:( )A. This is my school. B. Let’s go to school.
9、问候你的朋友可以说:( ) A.How are you? B. Nice tomeet you.
10、别人对你说:How are you?时,你回答说:( ) A. Fine, thank you. B. I’m nine.
11、你想知道新同学的名字,可以问他:( ) A. What’syour name? B. Welcome!
12、想跟人家道别,可以说:( ) A. Welcome! B. Goodbye.
13、问别人的红铅笔在哪,应该说:( )A. Where is your red pencil? B. Where is your black pencil?
14、别人帮你的忙,你应该说:( ) A. Thankyou! B. You’re welcome.
15、别人向你道谢,你应该说:( ) A. Thankyou! B. You’re welcome.
16、你想告诉别人你喜欢红色时,你说:( ) A. I likegreen. B. I like red.
17、请别人看你时,你说:( ) A. This is me. B. Look at me.
18、你的同学向你提议一起去上学,你同意了说:( ) A. Hi! B. OK!
19、人家问Where is your book?你指着书说:( ) A. This is my book. B. Here it is.
20、Mike对你说“ I like white” 你也喜欢,你可以说:( )A. Me too. B. This is white.
21、你想告诉别人你有一个黑色的书包,你说:( ) A. This is ablack bag. B. I have a black bag.
22、你想知道对方是谁,可以问:( ) A. How are you? B. Who are you?
23、老师在教新单词,要求同学们认真观察他的口型时说:( ) A. Look at myeye. B. Look at my mouth.
24、要邀请别人喝牛奶,可以说:( ) A.Have some milk! B. I likemilk.
25、Mike想吃汉堡包,你拿给他时说:( ) A. Can Ihave a hamburger? B. Here youare.
26、向妈妈表示自己想喝果汁时说:( ) A. Havesome juice, please. B. Can Ihave some juice?
27、别人请你吃东西,你不想吃了说:( ) A. Yes, thankyou. B. No, thank you.
28、请别人把他的玩具熊给你看时说:( ) A. Show meyour Teddy Bear. B. Where is your Teddy Bear?
29、想看别人的东西时问:( ) A.May I have a look? B. Howold are you?
30、中国的国旗颜色是:( ) A.Red B. Red and yellow.
31、美国的国旗颜色是:( ) A. Redand blue. B. Red, blueand white
32、下列单词哪个在身体的最下部:( ) A. arm B. foot C. leg
33、你想知道对方年龄可以问:( ) A. How are you? B. How old are you?
34、教师节到了,你对老师说:( ) A. Happybirthday! B. Happy Teacher’s Day!
35、你把一个蛋糕送给Mike说:( ) A. This isfor you. B. Have some cakes.
36、你想问人家有几本书,说:( ) A. Howmany books? B Howold are you?
37、想告诉别人你的幸运号码是6时,说:( )A. My lucky number is five. B. My lucky number is six.
38、当你打电话给别人,电话接通后,你应对接听电话的人说:
( )A. May I speak to…, please? B.Is it …. speaking?
39、如果你想问是谁在接听电话,应说:( ) A. Is that…speaking? B. Are you….?
40、如果在电话里你想告诉对方你是谁,应说:( ) A. I’m… B. This is …. speaking.
41、如果有人打错电话,你应说:( ) A. Sorry,wrong number. B. Sorry, you are wrong.
42、如果你想询问别人的病情,你可以说:( )
A. How do you feelnow? B. What’s the matter with you? C.How about you?
43、如果你想询问别人在某段时间里通常会做什么事情,你应说:( )
A. What do youusually do on… B. What are youdoing on….
C. What would youlike to do on…
44、当你不认识去车站的路是,可以问:( )
A. How can I getto the bus stop? B. Do you know theway to the bus stop?
C. Can you tell methe way to the bus stop?
45、假如有人问路,而你不知道,可以说:( )
A. It’s overthere, I think. B. Go andask the policeman.
C. Sorry, I don’tknow. You man go and ask the policeman.
46、有人到你学校参观,你表示欢迎,可以说:( )
A. Welcome to ourschool. B. Welcome back toschool. C. This is our school.
47、当你想请别人照看一下你的朋友时,可以说:( )
A. Come and helpme, please. B. Please look at my friend. C. Could you please look after my friend?
48、当你想知道橡皮放在哪儿,问:( )
A. Where is theeraser? B. Where is the pen? C. Where is it from?
49、当你提醒小明不要在房间玩球时,说:( )
A. Don’t read inbed, Xiao Ming. B.Don’t be late for school, Xiao Ming.
C. Don’t play ballin the room, Xiao Ming.
50、当你想知道别人能看见几辆汽车时,问:( )
A. How much is thecar? B. How many cars can you see? C. I can see five cars.
成语双语故事:南辕北辙
run in opposite directions
南辕北辙
Once a man went to the south, but his carriage was heading north.
一次一个人想往南走,但是他的马车却是朝北走的。
A passer-by asked him: “If you are going to the south, why is your carriage heading north?”
一个过路人问他:“如果你想往南走,为什么你的马车却朝北走呢?”
The man said, “My horse is good at running, my driver is highly skilled at driving a carriage, and I am rich.”
这个人说:“我的马很能跑,我的车夫善于赶车,我又很富有,所以不在乎。”
The man didn‘t care the direction might be wrong; the better his conditions were, the further he was far away from his destination.
这个人根本没有考虑到行进的方向也许错了;他的条件越好,反而会离目的地越远。
This idiom came from this story tells that one’s action was the opposite effect to one‘s intention.
这个成语比喻行动和目的正好相反。
英文中若要表达“南辕北辙”的意思,可以用短语“run in opposite directions”,也就是“朝着相反的方向跑”,翻译美化一下就是“南辕北辙”或者“背道而驰”的意思了。
我们来一起看一个例句:
They wouldn’t win at the end because they ran in opposite directions.
因为他们早已南辕北辙了,所以根本不可能赢。
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