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2020年翻译考试一级口译提升练习
A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface – kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law.
At issue is “birthright citizenship” – provided for since the Constitution’s 14th Amendment was ratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says: “All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States.”
Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically the babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship.
“Most Americans feel it doesn’t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,” said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they’ll claim you’re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn’t want to deal with that.”
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本月，一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅，但是这个提案肯定会重新出台——即使该提案不能成为法律，也会引起激烈的争论。
争论的焦点是“与生俱来的公民权”——自1868年批准的宪法第14条修正案以来就对这一权利作了规定。以获得自由的奴隶为本意而起草的该修正案第一款规定：“凡在美国出生或归化美国、且受美国管辖之人，皆为美国公民。”
国会中的一些保守派以及主张对非法移民进行严厉打击的团体声言，多年来该修正案应用不当，其用意从来就不是理所当然的要给予非法移民的子女公民权。因而，他们宣称通过联邦立法，而不是一条难以达成的宪法修正案，就足以终结与生俱来的公民权。
“大多数美国人认为，非法进入美国的人在美国生儿养女，使新生的子女成为美国的新公民，这是没有道理的，”美国移民改革联合会的发言人说。“但是非法移民的代言人定会小题大做;他们会说你们是在惩罚孩子，因此我料想我们的领导人不会愿意面对这件事情。”
2020年翻译考试一级口译提升练习
中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不执弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路，既通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
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The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to cordiality, benevolence, and good neighborliness and laid stress on living in harmony with others. In foreign relations, the Chinese people have always believed that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor” and advocate that “all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.”
The Chinese hold that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and call for drawing upon the strength and useful experiences of other people. China commits itself firmly to peaceful development, accelerating its development by upholding world peace and promoting world peace through its own development.
China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes, genuinely willing to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries and to embrace everything that is useful and draws on the strength of other civilizations. It will pursue peace and development through cooperation so as to promote the building of a harmonious world characterized by enduring peace and common prosperity.
2020年翻译考试一级口译提升练习
Well before his death, Peter Drucker had already become a legend. Over his 95 prolific years, he had been a true Renaissance man, and teacher of religion, philosophy and political science. But his most important contribution, clearly, is in business. What John Keynes is to economics, Drucker is to management.
In the 1980s Peter Drucker began to have grave doubts about business and even capitalism itself. He no longer saw the corporation as the ideal space to create community. In fact, he saw nearly the opposite: a place where self-interest had triumphed over the egalitarian principles he long championed. In both his writings and speeches, Drucker emerged as one of Corporate America's most important critics. When conglomerates were the rage, he preached against reckless mergers and acquisitions. When executives were engaged in empire-building, he argued against excess staff and the inefficiencies of numerous "assistants to".
In a 1984 essay he persuasively argued that CEO pay had rocketed out of control and implored boards to hold CEO compensation to no more than 20 times what the rank and file made. He maintained that multi-million-dollar severance packages had perverted management's ability to look out anything but itself. What particularly enraged him was the tendency of corporate managers to reap massive earnings while firing thousands of their workers. "This is morally and socially unforgivable," wrote Drucker, "and we will pay a heavy price for it."
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彼得•德鲁克在世时就已成为传奇人物。在 95 年的光辉岁月里，他广著名作，多才多艺，在宗教、哲学以及政治学领域都堪为人师。然而他最重要的成就无疑还是在商业领域。管理学中的德鲁克正如经济学里的约翰 . 凯恩斯。考生如果怕自己错过考试报名时间和考试时间的话，可以 免费预约短信提醒，届时会以短信的方式提醒大家报名和考试时间。
二十世纪八十年代，彼得•德鲁克开始对商业模式乃至资本主义制度本身产生了深深的怀疑。他不再认为公司是创造和谐氛围的理想场所，事实上，他所目睹的与此截然相反：公司里人人各为其利，而这与他一直倡导的公平原则相违背。无论是在著作还是演讲中，德鲁克都针锋相对，成为美国式企业制度最重要的批判者之一。适逢大财团纷纷涌现，他不厌其烦，尽数此类疯狂兼并和收购的弊端。当职业经理人们埋头建造商业帝国时，他指出冗员和机构臃肿会造成效率低下，危害不浅。
1984 年，他撰文有力地说明企业首席行政官的薪酬之高已近失控，并强烈建议各公司的董事会将其首席执行官的离职补偿金控制在普通员工的二十倍以内。他认为，企业高管动辄数百万美元的离职补偿金，使他们本末倒置，只管个人利益。最使他气愤的是公司经理人一方面自己收入丰厚，另一方面却在大批裁员。德鲁克写道，“无论是在道德层面，还是在社会层面，这都是无法原谅的，我们会为此付出沉重的代价。”
2020年翻译考试一级口译提升练习
中国政府把环境保护作为一项基本国策。保护环境关系到我国现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。坚持保护环境的基本国策，深入实施可持续发展战略;坚持预防为主、综合治理，全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题;坚持创新体制机制，依靠科技进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。我国环境保护取得了积极进展，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域区域污染治理取得初步成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，工业产品的污染排放强度有所下降。
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The Chinese government regards environmental protection as a basic national policy. Environmental protection not only has a bearing on the overall situation of China’s modernization drive and its long-term development, but also constitutes an undertaking which will benefit the Chinese people of today and their descendents. Sticking to environmental protection as a basic national policy, Chinese government has deeply implemented sustainable strategies for development. Adhering to the principle of comprehensive control with the emphasis on prevention, entire push-on with breakthroughs in key areas, Chinese government has made great efforts to solve those striking environmental problems threatening people’s health. It has persisted in institutional innovation, relied on technological advances, strengthened the role of law in environmental protection and brought into full play the initiative of various sectors of the society. Thanks to the achievements in our environmental protection, the trend toward aggravated environmental pollution and ecological destruction has slowed down, pollution control in some river basins has achieved some initial success, the environmental quality of some cities and regions has improved to some extent, and the extent of pollution discharge of industrial products has lessened.
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